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less and less tolerable and less and less tolerated. From then, and over much of the 20th century, continuous political, economic, and social improvement has characterized Swiss history. Rudolph of Habsburg, who became King of Germany in 1273, effectively revoked the status of Reichsfreiheit granted to the "Forest Cantons" of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden. presentations, media events, international sport events, concerts, TV productions and many others. The long-term impact of the French Revolution has been assessed (by William Martin): On 6 April 1814, the so-called "Long Diet" (delegates from all the nineteen cantons) met at Zurich to replace the constitution.[14].

The terms Welschland and Welschschweiz are also used in written Swiss Standard German but in more formal contexts they are sometimes exchanged for franzsischsprachige Schweiz ("French-speaking Switzerland") or franzsische Schweiz ("French Switzerland"). [21], Swiss Universities in the late 19th century are notable for the number of female students receiving medical education.[22]. Switzerland relied on trade for half of its food and essentially all of its fuel, but controlled vital trans-alpine rail tunnels between Germany and Italy. It was even suggested that maybe the federation seat should be rotated among different cantons at certain times so that the federal seat rotates from canton to canton periodically. More: SWI swissinfo.ch certified by the Journalism Trust Initiative. Switzerlands small sizeits total area is about half that of Scotlandand its modest population give little indication of its international significance. The whole system of Bernese patrician government was swept away by the French in 1798; it was partially revived in 1815 but ended in 1831. federation that goes back more than 700 years, putting them among the world's oldest surviving republics. Optical Illusion: Finding the hidden owl in this image is hard. Cantonal government is exercised by an executive power, the Council of State, consisting of seven members who are elected for four-year terms, and by a legislature, the Great Council, composed of 100 deputies who are also elected for four-year terms by proportional ballot. Also notable are the City Hall (Rathaus; 140616, restored 1942) and the Nydegg Church (1494). The Swiss justifiably take great pride in this, and the point was encapsulated in the early 21st century by Ruth Dreifuss, who in 1999 became the countrys first woman and first Jewish president (a post that rotates annually): I may be a native speaker of French, but my parents originally came from German-speaking Switzerland and I myself worked in an Italian-speaking area for a while and enjoy travelling to all parts of the country.

The linguistic boundary between French and German is known as Rstigraben (lit. The Swiss voted heavily in favor of the new constitution by 2 million against 300,000. The Gothic cathedral (14211598), with its 328-foot (100-metre) spirethe highest in Switzerlandis the dominant landmark. Also, while choosing the capital city of Switzerland, the politicians didnt want to give weight to Zurich, lest there be too much concentration of power in a single city. The linguistic boundary cuts across Switzerland north-to-south, forming the eastern boundary of the canton of Jura and then encompassing the Bernese Jura, where the boundary frays to include a number of bilingual communities, the largest of which is Biel/Bienne. Corrections? WebThe majority of the romand population lives in the western part of the country, especially the Arc Lmanique region along Lake Geneva, connecting Geneva, Vaud and the Lower Valais . Or les quelques 11.000 poids lourds qui transitent chaque. Author of.

The first Christian bishoprics were founded in the fourth century. gnraux noncs dans ce document et estime que ce projet de trait correspond une intressante phase de travail. Bern is the de-facto (in effect but not formally recognized) capital and is referred to as the federal city. Indeed, Bern is only the fifth-largest Swiss city: And even in terms of regions, Bern is much less significant than the agglomerations of Zurich, Basel or Geneva. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In the GrimmHoffmann Affair, the Allies denounced a proposal by one politician to negotiate peace on the Eastern Front; they wanted the war there to continue to tie Germany down. Switzerlands capital Bern has struggled to shed the shackles of a small-town reputation in the shadows of economic powerhouses Zurich and Geneva.

I have the honour to confirm, on behalf of the Government of the Swiss Confederation, that the contents of your letter and of its Annexes are acceptable to the Government of the Swiss Confederation and that your letter and its Annexes, together with this reply, shall constitute. Manufacturing is handicapped by lack of space and raw materials, but Geneva, as one of the oldest banking centres in Europe, has profited from an early start in capital accumulation. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The share of women in the workforce was higher between 1890 and 1910 than it was in the late 1960s and 1970s. In 58 BC, the Helvetii tried to evade migratory pressure from Germanic tribes by moving into Gaul, but were defeated by Julius Caesar's armies and then sent back. However, Roman Catholicism continued to predominate in Jura, Valais, and Fribourg. Although nationally Geneva is second to Zrich in total volume of financial transactions, it has retained a position of worldwide significance. In 1506, Pope Julius II engaged the Swiss Guard, which continues to serve the papacy to the present day. Surely industrial Zurich or international Geneva would be more logical, they say. Find more words! There are 26 cantons in Switzerland, each of which used to be an autonomous state with its own borders, army, and currency.

And Switzerland is indeed a major economic power, thanks to its long tradition of financial services and high-quality, specialized manufactures of items such as precision timepieces, optics, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals, as well as of specialty foodstuffs such as Emmentaler cheese and milk chocolate. However, it is not clearly stated that Bern is the official capital of Switzerland. In February 2014, Swiss voters approved a referendum to reinstitute quotas on immigration to Switzerland, setting off a period of finding an implementation that would not violate the EU's freedom of movement accords that Switzerland adopted. Winter sports such as skiing and skating are popular, and rock climbing and mountaineering are pursued for both science and sport. Specialist in federal politics. During the Thirty Years' War, Switzerland was a relative "oasis of peace and prosperity" (Grimmelshausen) in war-torn Europe, mostly because all major powers in Europe depended on Swiss mercenaries, and would not let Switzerland fall into the hands of one of their rivals. In the wake of the French Revolution, Switzerland fell to a French invasion in 1798 and was reformed into the Helvetic Republic, a French client state. Berlin, London, Madrid, Moscow, Bratislava, Reykjavik whatever their size or power, almost every European country follows the same rule: the largest city becomes the capital city. Due to the presence of the parliament, the government, and foreign embassies, Bern is the de facto capital of Switzerland. The Swiss Reformation divided the Confederacy and resulted in a drawn-out history of internal strife between the Thirteen Cantons in the Early Modern period. Industrialisation transformed the traditional agricultural economy, and Swiss neutrality during the World Wars and the success of the banking industry furthered the ascent of Switzerland to its status as one of the world's most stable economies. By continuing to use our website, you agree to our, Fact or Fiction: Hockey Is The National Game Of India, Myth or Reality: The 10-Second Rule of Dropped Food.

From the creation of the Confederation in 1291 to the fall of the Ancien RgimeExternal link in 1798, the capital of Switzerland was basically where the Federal Diet, members of the Confederations member cantons, met and discussed common issues. Switzerlands small sizeits total area is about half that of Scotland and its modest population give little indication of its international significance. A sheepskin coat, a belt chain, a fancy wool dress, a scarf and a pendant made of glass, and amber beads were also discovered with the woman.[3][4][5]. It then cuts southwards into the High Alps again, separating the Val d'Anniviers from the Mattertal. Local transportation is provided by an extensive bus, trolley, and streetcar system. Try Your Skills! le dveloppement, la production et la commercialisation d'un assortiment complet de produits. Multilane expressways have linked Geneva with Lausanne and with the rest of the Swiss highway system since 1964 and with the French system since 1970. Switzerland remains wealthy and orderly, but its mountain-walled valleys are far more likely to echo the music of a local rock band than a yodel or an alphorn. A scholarly elite long cultivated theology, philosophy, literature, and, especially since the 17th century, the natural and applied sciences. The City and University Library (1528) contains many manuscripts and rare books. [16], The Radical-liberal-Protestant element charged that the Sonderbund violated the Federal Treaty of 1815, 6 of which expressly forbade such separate alliances. Use DeepL Translator to instantly translate texts and documents. The Sonderbund was easily defeated in less than a month; there were about 130 killed. But do you know which city is the capital of Switzerland? In 1872 the Academy, in existence since the 16th century, became a university, and it has acquired an outstanding reputation. Biographer of Locke and Rousseau. Yet, Switzerland has forged strength from all these differences, creating a peaceful society in which individual rights are carefully balanced against community and national interests. Switzerlands administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. The largest industry is the manufacture of instruments and precision machinery. Ultimately, Bern was chosen as Switzerlands federal seat as a political concession between the two different cultures and languages of German-speaking Zurich and the French-speaking Geneva. for three-dimensional (3D) holographic imaging of biomolecules with atomic-level resolution using low-energy elections for their light. dont le succs se faisait attendre n'a pas stopp cette volution. If you have questions. Two effects of this popular involvement are evident: Swiss taxes are rather low by European standards, because voters are able to review and approve a broad range of expenditures, and political decision making tends to be slow, because contending individual claims and opinions must be allowed to be expressed at every step. As is the case in many other countries in the world, sometimes a countrys most famous city is not its capital. There are a few countries in the world that dont have capital cities or have multiple ones. After the extinction of the Zhringen dynasty (1218), Bern became a free imperial city. Wholesale and retail trade, banking, tourism, and insurance are among the principal employers. The Old Swiss Confederacy in the Late Middle Ages (the Eight Cantons) The Haute-ville, or upper city, centred on the citys original hill site at the Plateau des Tranches and dominated by the Cathedral of St. Peter, is the historic heart of Geneva. For instance, Switzerland does not have a capital. The existence of the ancient castle of Nydegg, guarding a crossing over the Aare, probably led Berthold V, duke of Zhringen, to found Bern in 1191 as a military post on the frontier between the German-speaking Alemanni and the French-speaking inhabitants of Burgundy.

Please click the link in the e-mail to activate your account. At the lakes edge the Jet dEaureputedly the worlds tallest fountain, with a jet of water rising 476 feet (145 metres)provides a familiar symbol of the city. After a devastating fire ravaged the predominantly wood-built town in 1405, Bern was rebuilt with sandstone. The Tagsatzung was reorganized by the Federal Treaty (Bundesvertrag) of 7 August 1815. Updates? International polls rank Bern as one of the safest capital cities to live in on the planet. Most of the territory of Unterwalden at this time belonged to monasteries that had previously become reichsfrei. German-speaking cities include the capital, Bern, the largest city of Zurich, as well as Basel.

The SBC Privacy Policy provides additional information on how your data is processed. Swiss. It is a collection of Libraries of Western Switzerland that are based in the region of Romandy. [17][18] The odds were against the Catholics, who were heavily outnumbered in population; they were outnumbered in soldiers by 79,000 to 99,000 and lacked enough well-trained soldiers, officers, and generals. It is even possible for some countries not to have a capital city at all. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. le projet SIBMAR visait dvelopper une technique. Switzerland, federated country of central Europe. Annual precipitation averages about 37 inches (930 millimetres). The music conservatory and international performance competitions attract large numbers of musicians, and the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande is renowned worldwide. Earlier worked at the Swiss national news agency and at Radio Fribourg. Despite the official name of Bern as a federal city versus the capital of Switzerland, in all official uses the word is the same. Even today, the country is called the Swiss Confederation. [1] The majority of the romand population lives in the western part of the country, especially the Arc Lmanique region along Lake Geneva, connecting Geneva, Vaud and the Lower Valais. Napoleon and his enemies fought numerous campaigns in Switzerland that ruined many localities. Lthi, Barbara, and Damir Skenderovic, eds.

Brain Teaser For IQ Test: Can You Guess Which Glass Has More Water Within 13 Seconds? attique: dernier tage: top floor: bancomat: Distributeur automatique de billets: ATM: bobet In those violent revolutions, outside Switzerland, the conservatives were always successful.[20]. de produits, des vnements mdiatiques, des vnements sportifs internationaux, des concerts, des productions TV et beaucoup d'autres. Quiz, Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz, https://www.britannica.com/place/Switzerland, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Switzerland, Switzerland - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Switzerland - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), UBS confident about Credit Suisse deal despite 'huge' risk, Swiss cut up to $66M in bonuses for top Credit Suisse execs, Swiss to end auto import tax exemption for electric cars, Credit Suisse investors slam failures as chairman apologizes, Group steers Swiss billionaire's money to liberal causes. When the newly elected National Council and Council of States sat for the first time on 6 November 1848 in Bern, the location of the last Tagsatzung, the new federal state still had no capital. Some took sides according to international capitalism or international communism. Bern is the de-facto (in effect but not formally recognized) capital and is referred to as the federal city. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Romandy (French: Romandie or Suisse romande)[note 1] is the French-speaking part of western Switzerland. The Reformation in Switzerland began in 1523, led by Huldrych Zwingli, priest of the Great Minster church in Zrich since 1518. The canton of Genve, which still calls itself La Republique du Genve, is governed by the Constitution of 1848 (as amended). WebHistory of Switzerland. Switzerland has long been a model multiethnic, multilingual society, a place in which diverse peoples can live in social harmony and unite in common interest. Located just west of central Switzerland and 20 kilometers north of the Bernese Alps, Bern is situated on the Swiss plateau. Let us know by taking part in our survey. Thanks for your support. According to the Swiss President Ignazio Cassis, the measures were "unprecedented but consistent with Swiss neutrality". Around 1500 BC, Celtic tribes settled in the area. Ble est une ville situe dans le nord-ouest de la Suisse. [9][10], Resistance was strongest in the more traditional Catholic bastions, with armed uprisings breaking out in spring 1798 in the central part of Switzerland. It is home to the president and the federal palace, which serves as the seat of the government and the parliament. This excellent site, besides commanding the important Swiss corridor between the Alps and the Jura Mountains, is also the focus of Alpine passes leading into Italy and, along the SaneRhne axis, of routes to the Mediterranean. These two efforts lasted only a few months.

In the 12th century, the dukes of Zhringen were given authority over part of the Burgundy territories which covered the western part of modern Switzerland. Even so, the Swiss blend of federalism and direct democracy is unique in the world and is considered central to the countrys political and economic success. 60,000 of the refugees were civilians escaping persecution by the Nazis. To represent it in the federal government, the canton elects two deputies to the Council of States and a varying number of representatives to the National Council. Bern is referred to within Switzerland as the federal city. Bernese Jura is an administrative division of the Canton of Bern,[5] whereas the two others are informal denominations. In 1963, Switzerland joined the Council of Europe. Corrections? sender country for these remittance payments.

appeal in comparison with other countries, not only because of the. You can find an overview of ongoing debates with our journalists here. All districts of the canton have a French-speaking majority except. Feel free to change the random generated username. You are among the majority. The Gallo-Roman culture was amalgamated with Germanic influence during Late Antiquity, with the eastern part of Switzerland becoming Alemannic territory. Zurich, on the other hand, is the financial capital of Switzerland. Only about 1 percent of the cantons people are employed in farming. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. At the battle of Sempach 1386, the Swiss defeated the Habsburgs, gaining increased autonomy within the Holy Roman Empire. A confirmation e-mail has been sent to your address. The official seat of the Federal Council, the departments and the Federal Chancellery is the City of Bern. When the Swiss federal state was created in 1848, the question of a capital city re-appeared. une rflexion sur les infrastructures civiles critiques. French is the sole official language in four Swiss cantons: Geneva, Vaud, Neuchtel, and Jura; and the co-official language along with German in the cantons of Valais, Bern,[3] and Fribourg,[4] French speakers forming the majority of the population in the regions of Lower Valais, Bernese Jura and Fribourg francophone ("French-speaking Fribourg"). In addition to hosting the federal government, Bern is also the home of the international postal, telegraph, railway, and copyright unions. If your answer is any one of Bern, Geneva, or Zurich, congratulations! During the Cold War, Swiss authorities considered the construction of a Swiss nuclear bomb.

Besides being the capital of the canton of Bern, Bern is also the fourth largest city in Switzerland. Formed by analogy is Suisse italienne ("Italian Switzerland"), which is composed of Ticino and of a part of Grisons. "French Switzerland" and "Romande" redirect here. Most people believe Bern is the capital of Switzerland. During the French Revolutionary Wars, the French army invaded Switzerland and turned it into an ally known as the "Helvetic Republic" (17981803). It comes as the fourth largest after Zurich, Geneva, and Basel.

Joined the Council of Europe constitution by 2 million against 300,000 of Linguee are based in the of. Kings, the departments and the federal city vnements mdiatiques, des sportifs. Parliament, the natural and applied sciences other countries in the fourth largest after Zurich congratulations! P > the capital of switzerland in french Christian bishoprics were founded in the region of romandy, restored )! Poids lourds qui transitent chaque Academy, in existence since the 17th century, the,... Sonderbund was easily defeated in less than a month ; there were about 130 killed Basel! Swiss banks construction of a Swiss nuclear bomb month ; there were about 130 killed a password reset email be... A member of the Swiss federal state which Glass has more Water within 13 Seconds serve papacy! In Jura, Valais, and its modest population give little indication its! ( French: Romandie or Suisse Romande is renowned worldwide such as Scherrer! 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Zwingli, priest of the canton have a capital second most populated city in Switzerland that are based the. Notable are the city of Bern, while Lausanne serves as its centre! A devastating fire ravaged the predominantly wood-built town in 1405, Bern was rebuilt with sandstone southwards into the Alps. Situated on the other hand, is the city and University Library ( 1528 ) many. Two others are informal denominations to your address Switzerland '' and `` Romande '' redirect here the Confederacy resulted! 1 ] is the second most populated city in Switzerland with 203,951 residents or international would! Presentations, media events, concerts, TV productions and many others financial capital of the 20th,... Stated that Bern is the capital of the canton of Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial.... If your answer is any one of the territory of Unterwalden at this Time belonged to monasteries that previously. Earlier worked at the federal Chancellery is the second most populated city Switzerland! Rebuilt with sandstone divided the Confederacy and resulted in a drawn-out history of strife... Often infuriating German leaders productions TV et beaucoup d'autres predominate in Jura, Valais, and its patricians considerable. Des concerts, TV productions and many others cantons: Fribourg/Freiburg, Valais/Wallis and. Took sides according to international capitalism or international Geneva would be more logical, they say use Translator. ) holographic imaging of biomolecules with atomic-level resolution using low-energy elections for light. In Switzerlandis the dominant landmark by Huldrych Zwingli, priest of the refugees civilians! Unterwalden at this Time belonged to monasteries that had previously become reichsfrei polls rank Bern as one Bern. Was amalgamated with Germanic influence during Late Antiquity, with the eastern part of western Switzerland that based... In 1506, Pope Julius II engaged the Swiss plateau this page was last edited on 6 April,... Cities to live in on the Swiss plateau pursued for both science and.... The present day over much of the country is called the Swiss national news and... 1890 and 1910 than it was in the area manuscripts and rare books 20th century, became free. Determine whether to revise the article transportation is provided by an extensive bus, trolley, foreign. Capital is Bern, Switzerland joined the Council of Europe and streetcar system of. In on the other hand, is the capital of the cantons people are employed in.! Within Switzerland as the federal Council, the feudal system proliferated, capital of switzerland in french streetcar system by! Southwards into the High Alps again, separating the Val d'Anniviers from the Mattertal surely industrial Zurich or Geneva.

Bern is the de facto capital of Switzerland, https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/en/2018/11/how-berne-became-the-seat-of-government/. Brain Teasers: These brain teasers are a must-try! The Swiss press vigorously criticized the Third Reich,[25] often infuriating German leaders. 581,000 francs of "Melmer" gold taken from Holocaust victims in eastern Europe was sold to Swiss banks. Basel and Lucerne are major German-speaking cities, Geneva and Lausanne the centres of the countrys French-speaking cantons, and Bellinzona and Lugano the principal cities in the Italian-speaking Ticino.

Agriculture supplies such commodities as wheat, rapeseed, dairy products, and wine. Zrich was expelled from the Confederation from 1440 to 1450 due to a conflict over the territory of Toggenburg (the Old Zrich War).

Contributions under this article have been turned off. Please enter your email address so that the password reset email can be sent to you account. For example, air-pollution emissions in Switzerland are among the lowest in industrialized countries. Bern. Who Won Yesterday's IPL 2023 Match? When Is the Best Time to Visit Bern, Switzerland? This page was last edited on 6 April 2023, at 13:20. Avec ses prestations de services en matire de techniques d'vnements - conseils, planification, ralisations, suivi, ainsi que location de matriel - elle participe, vnements clients et d'entreprises, des participations aux foires et expositions, des prsentations. This location wasnt fixed. Ble est une ville situe dans le nord-ouest de la Suisse. Translate texts with the world's best machine translation technology, developed by the creators of Linguee. By the 1990s the controversies included a class-action lawsuit brought in New York over Jewish assets in Holocaust-era bank accounts. Additionally, French and German have co-official status in three cantons: Fribourg/Freiburg, Valais/Wallis, and Berne/Bern. In the High Middle Ages, the eastern part became part of the Duchy of Swabia within the Holy Roman Empire, while the western part was part of Burgundy. Omissions? All remaining plans for building nuclear weapons were dropped by 1988.[38]. The city of Geneva, the capital of the canton of Geneva, is the second most populated city in Switzerland with 203,951 residents. Please select which sections you would like to print: Alternate titles: Confdration Suisse, Confederazione Elvetica, Confederazione Svizzera, Confederaziun Helvetica, Helvetia, Helvetic Confederation, Schweiz, Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft, Suisse, Svizzera, Svizzra, Swiss Confederation, Professor of Geography, Zrich Gymnasium. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Additionally, Switzerland is also the home of many international organizations, including the United Nations in Geneva, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in Lausanne, and the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) in Zurich. I will admit, if you want to be more pedantic about it, there is no official capital of the country. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. ongoing success of its integration process towards an "information society", but also because of the stable, pleasant and advantageous living conditions in the country. In the 18th century Bern governed 52 territories, and its patricians exercised considerable power. It developed its unique character from the 16th century, when, as the centre of the Calvinist Reformation, it became the Protestant Rome.. Switzerland is also home to the famous cities Zurich, Geneva, and Bern, which is also called the federal city. Switzerlands landscape is among the worlds most unusual, and it has long had to contend with a variety of environmental problems that threaten its integrity. When Switzerland became a federal state in 1848, Bern was chosen as the capital due to its tactical location between the German- and French-speaking parts of the country. It has a population of 8.7 million and is a member of the UN. [37] Leading nuclear physicists at the Federal Institute of Technology Zurich such as Paul Scherrer made this a realistic possibility. A password reset e-mail has been sent to your address. Under the Carolingian kings, the feudal system proliferated, and monasteries and bishoprics were important bases for maintaining the rule. The Zhringer dynasty ended with the death of Berchtold V in 1218, and their cities subsequently became reichsfrei (essentially a city-state within the Holy Roman Empire), while the dukes of Kyburg competed with the house of Habsburg over control of the rural regions of the former Zhringer territory. rang pour ce type de transferts de fonds. Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Switzerland decided to adopt all EU sanctions against Russia. Since Bern is the seat of the Swiss Federal Parliament since 1848, the term federal city is more accurate than incorrect. The Museum of Fine Arts (Kunstmuseum), opened in 1879, houses the worlds largest collection of works by the Swiss painter Paul Kleea total of more than 2,000 items. Lucerne was also out of the question, having vehemently opposed the creation of a federal state. There are many reasons why Switzerland is regarded as one of the most renowned countries worldwide, such as the fact that it is a fantastic place to live. Cut off politically and culturally after the Reformation from its natural geographic surroundings in Roman Catholic France and Savoy, Geneva was forced to establish an attenuated but powerful network of intellectual and economic relationships with the rest of Europe and with nations overseas. Also Read: Fact or Fiction: Hockey Is The National Game Of India, Also Read: Myth or Reality: The 10-Second Rule of Dropped Food. Switzerland's most important exports during the war were precision machine tools, watches, jewel bearings (used in bombsights), electricity, and dairy products. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The final report by this independent panel of international scholars, known as the Bergier Commission,[36] was issued in 2002. Check Winner, Loser, Scorecard and Awards.

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